Flower Color

• White

Inflorescence Type (How the flowers are arranged on the plant)

• Panicle

Number of Petals

• 4 petals

Petal Separation

• Completely free to base
• United from 25% - 75% length

Petal Tip

• Pointed

Flower Symmetry

• Flowers regular

Flower Length (Head length in the Asteraceae)

• 1 mm (.04 inch)

Flower Width (Head width in the Asteraceae)

• 1 mm (.04 inch)

Number of Sepals

• sepals lacking
• 4 sepals

Sepal Separation

• Completely free to base
• United from 25% - 75% length

Sepal Tip

• Pointed

Flower Sex

• Bisexual (perfect)

Number of Styles

• 1 style

Number of Stamens

• 3 stamens
• 4 stamens

Stamens Attached to the Petals

• Stamens attached to the petals

Stamens Connate (united)

• Filaments or anthers NOT united

Carpel Separation

• Carpels united (or one)

Number of Carpels

• 2 carpels

Ovary Position

• Inferior (epigynous)

Fruit Type

• Schizocarp

Fruit Length at Maturity

• 1 mm (.04 inch) or less

Fruit Width at Maturity

• 1 mm (.04 inch) or less

Burs

• Fruit or seed bur-like

Leaf Arrangement

• Whorled 5 - 8 per node

Leaf Type

• Simple (including lobed leaves)

Stipules

• Lacking

Tendrils

• Tendrils absent

Venation

• Pinnate

Petiole (leaf stem) Blade Ratio

• Petiole absent (leaf sessile)

Leaf Length (blade PLUS petiole)

• 5 - 10 mm (.20 - .40 inch)
• 1 - 2 cm (.40 - .80 inch)

Leaf Width

• 1 - 5 mm (.04 - .20 inch)

Leaf Shape (simple leaves only)

• Lanceolate
• Linear or filiform

Leaf or Leaflet Margin

• Entire
• Ciliate

Leaf or Leaflet Blade Base

• Clasping

Leaf or Leaflet Tip

• Acute
• Aristate

Leaf or Leaflet Blade Surface

• Hispid or setose

Succulence

• Not succulent

Milky Juice

• Juice NOT milky (watery)

Woodiness

• Herbaceous

Spines or Thorns

• Spines or Thorns ABSENT

Aromatic (vegetative structures)

• Not aromatic

Life Cycle

• Annual

Growth Habit (while flowering)

• Erect, spherical (bushy)
• Climbing vine

Plant Height at Maturity

• 1 - 2 dm (4.0 - 8.0 inches)
• 2 - 4 dm (8.0 - 16.0 inches)

Wind Dissemination

• Not wind disseminated

Moisture Regime

• Mesic

Chlorophyll

• Present

Stem Cross Section

• Ridged
• Square

Flowering Stem Leaves

• Stem uniformly leafy

Main Stem Branches

• Main stem branched

Root or Vegetative Propagule

• Tap Root

US State

• Alabama
• Arkansas
• Georgia
• Kentucky
• Louisiana
• Missouri
• Mississippi
• North Carolina
• Tennessee
• Virginia
• West Virginia
• Hawaii
• Indiana
• Maryland
• Vermont
• California
• Oregon

• California Growers Weed Identification Handbook, 1968 - 1998 University of California Publication # 4030-1, See page: 137
• Weeds of California, 1970, State of California Publications and Documents. See page: 409
• Weeds of California and other Western States, 2007 (ISBN 13: 978-1-879906-69-3) See Page: 1439
• Listed as a `Weed` by the Biota of North America Program, 2008 x