Flower Color

• Blue
• White
• Multi-colored

Inflorescence Type (How the flowers are arranged on the plant)

• Solitary, axillary

Number of Petals

• 4 petals
• 5 petals

Petal Separation

• United from 25% - 75% length

Petal Tip

• Rounded

Flower Symmetry

• Flowers slightly irregular

Flower Length (Head length in the Asteraceae)

• 2 mm (.08 inch)
• 3 mm (.12 inch)

Flower Width (Head width in the Asteraceae)

• 7 mm (.28 inch)
• 8 mm (.32 inch)
• 9 mm (.36 inch)

Number of Sepals

• 4 sepals

Sepal Separation

• Completely free to base
• United at base < 25% length

Sepal Tip

• Pointed
• Rounded

Flower Sex

• Bisexual (perfect)

Number of Styles

• 1 style

Number of Stamens

• 2 stamens

Stamens Attached to the Petals

• Stamens attached to the petals

Stamens Connate (united)

• Filaments or anthers NOT united

Carpel Separation

• Carpels united (or one)

Number of Carpels

• 2 carpels

Ovary Position

• Superior (hypogynous)

Fruit Type

• Capsule, 2-celled

Fruit Length at Maturity

• 3 mm (.12 inch)
• 4 mm (.16 inch)

Fruit Width at Maturity

• 3 mm (.12 inch)
• 4 mm (.16 inch)

Burs

• Fruit or seed NOT bur-like

Leaf Arrangement

• Alternate
• Opposite
• Opposite below, alternate above

Leaf Type

• Simple (including lobed leaves)

Stipules

• Lacking

Tendrils

• Tendrils absent

Venation

• Palmate

Petiole (leaf stem) Blade Ratio

• Petiole < 25% total length
• Petiole 25% - 75% total length

Leaf Length (blade PLUS petiole)

• 5 - 10 mm (.20 - .40 inch)

Leaf Width

• 5 - 10 mm (.20 - .40 inch)

Leaf Shape (simple leaves only)

• Cordate (heart)
• Ovate
• Reniform (kidney)

Leaf or Leaflet Margin

• Dentate

Leaf or Leaflet Blade Base

• Cordate
• Rounded

Leaf or Leaflet Tip

• Acute
• Rounded (obtuse)

Leaf or Leaflet Blade Surface

• Glabrous (NO hairs)
• Pubescent

Succulence

• Not succulent

Milky Juice

• Juice NOT milky (watery)

Woodiness

• Herbaceous

Spines or Thorns

• Spines or Thorns ABSENT

Aromatic (vegetative structures)

• Not aromatic

Life Cycle

• Perennial

Growth Habit (while flowering)

• Prostrate
• Spreading ascending
• Erect, columnar (narrow)

Plant Height at Maturity

• 1 - 5 cm (.40 - 2.0 inches)
• 5 - 10 cm (2.0 - 4.0 inches)

Wind Dissemination

• Not wind disseminated

Moisture Regime

• Mesic

Chlorophyll

• Present

Stem Cross Section

• Round

Flowering Stem Leaves

• Stem uniformly leafy

Main Stem Branches

• Main stem unbranched
• Main stem branched

Root or Vegetative Propagule

• Rhizomatous

US State

• Connecticut
• Michigan
• New York
• Ohio
• Pennsylvania
• West Virginia
• Maryland
• Vermont
• California
• Idaho
• Oregon
• Washington

Canadian Province or Territory

• British Columbia
• Ontario
• Quebec

Other

• District of Columbia

• Gilkey`s Weeds of the Pacific Northwest, 1980 (ISBN 0-88246-039-0) See page: 254
• Ontario Weeds, 1992 Agdex 640, Publication #505 See page: 197
• Weeds, 1955 (1980) Walter Conrad Muenscher, ISBN# 0-8014-1266-8 See page: 355, 400
• Weeds of California and other Western States, 2007 (ISBN 13: 978-1-879906-69-3) See Page: 1492
• Weeds of the Northeast, 1997 Cornell University ISBN# 0-8014-8334-4 See page: 246, 310
• Listed as a `Weed` by the Biota of North America Program, 2008 x
• Listed in the WSSA Composite List of Weeds X